The Synthesis of "Middle East"

An overview of the brutal eight-year conflict between Iran and Iraq, its devastating human cost, and its lasting impact on modern geopolitics.

An overview of the June 1967 conflict between Israel and its Arab neighbors, which dramatically altered the region's geography and politics.

An overview of the historical roots, key issues, and human impact of the long-standing Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

An overview of the series of military conflicts between Israel and its Arab neighbors that have shaped the modern Middle East since 1948.

Discover the Seljuk Empire, a medieval power that blended Turkic and Persian culture, reshaped the Middle East, and paved the way for the Ottomans.

Discover the Median Empire, the first major power to arise in ancient Iran that laid the groundwork for the succeeding Persian Empire.

An overview of the 1990-1991 Gulf War, triggered by Iraq's invasion of Kuwait and resulting in a US-led coalition's military response.

Discover Mesopotamia, the ancient land between two rivers where writing, cities, and the wheel first emerged, shaping the course of human history.

An overview of the medieval Crusades, the series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims over control of the Holy Land and their lasting impact.