History
The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Explained
An overview of the historical roots, key issues, and human impact of the long-standing Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
What is it?
The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is a decades-long struggle over land, self-determination, and sovereignty in the Middle East. Its origins trace back to the late 19th century with the rise of Zionism and Arab nationalism. A pivotal moment was the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, which followed the creation of the state of Israel and led to the displacement of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians. Key events that have shaped the conflict include the 1967 Six-Day War, resulting in Israel's occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, and multiple Palestinian uprisings known as Intifadas. Core issues remain unresolved, including Israeli settlements, the status of Jerusalem, borders, and the right of return for Palestinian refugees.
Why is it trending?
The conflict is constantly in the global spotlight due to recurring cycles of violence and significant escalations. A major escalation began on October 7, 2023, after Hamas launched a deadly attack on Israel, prompting a declaration of war and a large-scale Israeli military offensive in the Gaza Strip. This has resulted in a massive humanitarian crisis and a high number of casualties, drawing intense international attention. Ongoing ceasefire negotiations, regional instability, and widespread international protests keep the conflict at the forefront of global news and diplomatic efforts.
How does it affect people?
For those in the region, the conflict has devastating consequences. It has resulted in tens of thousands of deaths and injuries, mass displacement of populations, and a severe humanitarian crisis, particularly in Gaza, marked by shortages of food, water, and medical supplies. The recent war has displaced nearly the entire Gazan population. The constant violence and political instability inflict deep psychological trauma on both Israeli and Palestinian civilians. Globally, the conflict fuels intense political debates, diaspora community activism, and significant diplomatic challenges, impacting international relations.