The Synthesis of "Duchy of Normandy"

Discover the Duchy of Normandy, the powerful medieval state founded by Vikings that conquered England and reshaped European history.

An overview of the 1066 Norman invasion of England, which ended Anglo-Saxon rule and dramatically reshaped the nation's culture, language, and politics.

Discover William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy who invaded England in 1066, won the Battle of Hastings, and forever changed English society.

Explore the story of King John, the infamous English monarch whose tyrannical rule led to a baronial revolt and the signing of the Magna Carta.

A concise overview of the Battle of Hastings in 1066, the pivotal event that ended Anglo-Saxon rule and reshaped English history forever.

Discover the Norman Kingdom of Sicily, a unique medieval state where Norman, Arab, and Byzantine cultures merged, creating a golden age of tolerance.

Discover Eleanor of Aquitaine, one of the most powerful and influential women of the Middle Ages, who was queen of both France and England.

Discover the Billung dynasty, the powerful Saxon nobles who ruled for over 150 years, shaping the frontiers of the Holy Roman Empire.

Discover the Saxon (or Ottonian) dynasty, the rulers who unified Germany and founded the Holy Roman Empire in the 10th century.

Explore the thousand-year history of the Kingdom of France, a dominant European power that shaped modern politics, culture, and society.