Civilizations
Discover the latest trends in Civilizations.
Ptolemaic Kingdom: Egypt's Greek Pharaohs
Discover the Ptolemaic Kingdom, a Hellenistic dynasty founded by Alexander the Great's general that ruled Egypt for nearly 300 years.
The First Global Empire: Portugal's Reign
Explore the Portuguese Empire, the first global and longest-lived European colonial empire, which shaped world trade, culture, and language for centuries.
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Explained
Discover the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, a vast early modern state known for its unique elective monarchy and religious tolerance.
Phoenicia: The Ancient Maritime Traders Who Sailed West
Explore Phoenicia, the ancient maritime civilization famed for its vast trade networks, powerful colonies, and its most enduring legacy: the alphabet.
The Persian Empire: World's First Superpower
Discover the Persian Empire, the world's first superpower founded by Cyrus the Great, and its lasting impact on global civilization and governance.
The Parthian Empire: Rome's Great Rival
Discover the Parthian Empire, the formidable Iranian power that challenged Rome, controlled the Silk Road, and created a unique cultural legacy.
The Pala Empire: Bengal's Golden Age
Discover the Pala Empire, a dynasty that ushered in a golden era for Bengal through its patronage of Buddhism, art, and education.
The Ottoman Empire: A 600-Year Legacy
Explore the Ottoman Empire, a global power for six centuries that bridged the East and West and whose influence still shapes the modern world.
The Olmec: Mesoamerica's Mother Culture
Discover the Olmec, the first major civilization in Mexico, known for their giant stone heads and lasting influence on later cultures like the Maya and Aztecs.
Norte Chico: The Americas' Oldest Civilization
Explore the Norte Chico civilization in ancient Peru, the oldest in the Americas, which developed complex urban centers around the same time as Egypt's pyramids.