Science
Nuclear Fission Explained: Splitting the Atom
An overview of nuclear fission, the process of splitting atoms to release immense energy, and its role in modern technology and power generation.
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What is it?
Nuclear fission is a reaction where the nucleus of a heavy atom, such as uranium, splits into two or more smaller nuclei. This process is triggered when the nucleus absorbs a neutron. The splitting releases a tremendous amount of energy, far greater than that of chemical reactions. It also releases additional neutrons, which can then go on to split other nearby atoms. This creates a self-sustaining chain reaction, which, when controlled, can be harnessed for energy. Fission is a form of nuclear transmutation because the resulting fragments are different elements than the original atom.
Why is it trending?
Fission is trending due to the global push for clean, low-carbon energy to combat climate change. Nuclear power plants, which use controlled fission, generate electricity without emitting greenhouse gases. There is a renewed interest and "renaissance" in nuclear energy for achieving energy security and independence. Furthermore, innovations in nuclear technology, such as the development of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), promise safer, more flexible, and potentially cheaper energy solutions, driving fresh investment and discussion in the energy sector.
How does it affect people?
Fission positively affects people by providing a reliable and significant source of electricity for homes and industries. It is used to power naval submarines and has applications in medicine, like creating radioisotopes for diagnosis and treatment. However, it also poses risks. The process creates highly radioactive waste that must be securely stored for thousands of years. While rare, accidents at nuclear power plants can release harmful radiation into the environment, leading to long-term health issues like cancer and significant environmental damage.