What Is the Hedonic Treadmill?

What is it?

The hedonic treadmill, also known as hedonic adaptation, is the observed tendency of humans to quickly return to a relatively stable level of happiness despite major positive or negative life events or changes in life circumstances. According to this theory, as a person makes more money, expectations and desires rise in tandem, resulting in no permanent gain in happiness. A promotion, a new car, or winning the lottery provides a temporary boost of joy, but we soon adapt to this new reality, and our baseline happiness level reverts to its prior state.

Why is it trending?

The concept is gaining popularity in mindfulness and wellness discussions as people seek more sustainable fulfillment beyond materialism. In a culture of constant social media comparison and consumerism, understanding this psychological trap helps explain why chasing external achievements often feels unfulfilling. It highlights the importance of intrinsic goals over extrinsic ones. Awareness of the hedonic treadmill encourages a shift in focus from fleeting pleasures to more enduring sources of well-being, like personal growth and meaningful connections.

How does it affect people?

This cycle can trap people in a constant pursuit of the "next thing," believing it will finally deliver lasting happiness, only to be disappointed. It fuels a never-ending chase for more possessions, higher status, or new experiences, which can lead to stress and dissatisfaction. By understanding this tendency, individuals can intentionally step off the treadmill. They can cultivate practices like gratitude, savoring small moments, and investing in relationships—activities that research shows can lead to more genuine and lasting improvements in overall well-being.

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