Wellness
Understanding Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
An explainer on Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), a type of depression related to seasonal changes, its symptoms, and impact on daily life.
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What is it?
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that follows a recurrent seasonal pattern. Officially known as Major Depressive Disorder with a Seasonal Pattern, SAD is more than just the "winter blues." While most commonly associated with the fall and winter months when daylight hours are shorter, a less common form can occur in the spring and summer. The leading theories behind SAD link it to a reduction in sunlight, which may disrupt the body's internal clock (circadian rhythm) and lead to imbalances in brain chemicals like serotonin and melatonin, affecting mood and sleep. Symptoms often mirror those of depression, including persistent sadness, low energy, and loss of interest in activities.
Why is it trending?
Awareness of SAD grows as the seasons change, particularly in autumn and winter. The topic trends as people experience and seek to understand significant shifts in their mood and energy levels that coincide with less sunlight. It is a recognized medical condition affecting about 5% of adults in the U.S., with symptoms that can be distressing and interfere with daily functioning for roughly 40% of the year. Increased public discourse around mental health has encouraged more people to identify these patterns in themselves and seek information on treatments like light therapy, psychotherapy, and medication.
How does it affect people?
SAD can significantly impact a person's daily life. Those with winter-pattern SAD often experience oversleeping, carbohydrate cravings, weight gain, and social withdrawal, sometimes described as a desire to hibernate. This can lead to difficulty concentrating, reduced performance at work or school, and relationship stress. The feelings of hopelessness and fatigue can be overwhelming and, in severe cases, may lead to suicidal thoughts. Summer-pattern SAD, though less common, presents with different symptoms, including insomnia, decreased appetite, and heightened anxiety.