Science
An overview of magnetism, the fundamental force of nature that powers everything from compasses to cutting-edge technology.
Magnetism is a fundamental force of nature produced by the motion of electric charges. It is the phenomenon behind the attraction and repulsion between objects. At the atomic level, the spinning of electrons creates tiny magnetic forces. When many electrons in a material spin in the same direction, their individual forces combine, making the object a magnet. Every magnet has a north and a south pole; opposite poles attract while like poles repel. The area around a magnet where this force can be felt is called a magnetic field. All substances exhibit some form of magnetism.
Magnetism is constantly a subject of new scientific discovery, which pushes the boundaries of technology. Researchers are exploring new magnetic materials and properties to develop the next generation of electronics, aiming for faster, smaller, and more energy-efficient components. Advances in understanding magnetism are crucial for innovations in materials science, quantum mechanics, and energy technology. From creating more efficient motors and generators to improving data storage and medical devices, the study of magnetism remains a cornerstone of modern scientific and technological progress.
Magnetism is integral to countless aspects of daily life. It powers electric motors in household appliances, enables data storage on hard drives and credit cards, and is used in speakers and headphones. In medicine, powerful magnets are the core of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) machines, which create detailed images of the human body. Magnetism is also essential for generating electricity and is used in transportation, such as in high-speed maglev trains. Even Earth's magnetic field plays a vital role, protecting us from solar radiation and being used for navigation by compasses.