The Synthesis of "Treaty of Westphalia"
Insights on "Treaty of Westphalia"
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The Treaty of Westphalia Explained
An overview of the 1648 treaties that ended the Thirty Years' War and established the modern concept of the nation-state.
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The Thirty Years' War Explained
A summary of the devastating 17th-century conflict in Central Europe that reshaped religion, politics, and the very concept of the modern state.
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Treaty of Verdun: Dividing an Empire
Discover the Treaty of Verdun (843), the pact that ended a civil war by dividing Charlemagne's empire and laying the groundwork for modern France and Germany.
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Treaty of Utrecht: The Deal That Redrew the World Map
Explore the Treaty of Utrecht, the 1713 peace accord that ended a major European war and marked the rise of Great Britain as a global power.
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The Treaty of Utrecht Explained
Discover the 1713 treaties that ended a major European war, reshaped global empires, and established the crucial "balance of power" principle.
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The Treaty That Divided the World
An explanation of the 1494 treaty where Spain and Portugal agreed to divide the newly discovered lands of the world between themselves.
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Treaty of Tordesillas: Dividing the "New World"
An explanation of the 1494 agreement between Spain and Portugal that divided the newly discovered lands outside of Europe between them.
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War of the Spanish Succession Explained
A conflict that reshaped Europe, the War of the Spanish Succession was fought over control of Spain's vast empire after its king died without an heir.
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The War of the Spanish Succession Explained
A brief overview of the early 18th-century conflict that reshaped Europe, triggered by the death of the last Habsburg king of Spain.
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The War of Spanish Succession Explained
A guide to the early 18th-century conflict that reshaped Europe, prevented a Franco-Spanish superstate, and marked Britain's rise as a global power.