The Synthesis of "Milankovitch cycles"

Discover precession, the slow wobble of Earth's axis. Learn how this celestial motion shifts our pole star and affects long-term climate cycles.

Discover how essential elements like carbon and nitrogen are recycled through Earth's living and non-living systems in biogeochemical cycles.

An overview of the Earth's water cycle, its key processes, and how climate change is causing it to become more intense and unpredictable.

Discover axial tilt, the angle of a planet's rotational axis. Learn why Earth's 23.5-degree tilt is the crucial reason we experience seasons.

Discover orbital eccentricity, the key measure defining the shape of a planet's path from a perfect circle to an extreme ellipse. Learn why it matters.