The Synthesis of "Kievan Rus"

Discover Kievan Rus', the medieval state that laid the cultural foundation for modern Ukraine, Russia, and Belarus, and its contested historical legacy.

Explore the Rurik dynasty, the Viking-descended rulers who founded the Kievan Rus' and shaped the course of Russian history for over 700 years.

Explore the Golden Horde, the western Mongol khanate that dominated Eastern Europe for centuries and profoundly shaped the course of Russian history.

An overview of the Tsardom of Russia (1547-1721), the era of Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great that saw vast expansion and autocratic rule.

Explore the Russian Empire, one of history's largest empires, from its founding by Peter the Great to its dramatic fall in the 1917 Revolution.

Explore the reign of Ivan the Terrible, Russia's first crowned tsar, known for his vast territorial expansion and brutal reign of terror.

A concise overview of the series of wars between the Russian and Ottoman Empires that reshaped Eastern Europe and the balance of power.

Discover Peter the Great, the transformative tsar who dragged Russia into the modern era with sweeping reforms, military expansion, and a new capital.

Explore the rise and dramatic fall of the House of Romanov, the last imperial dynasty that ruled Russia for over 300 years until their execution.

An overview of the 1853-1856 conflict that pitted Russia against an alliance and heralded a new era of modern warfare and military medicine.