The Synthesis of "Italian city-states"

Discover the Republic of Genoa, a medieval maritime power that dominated Mediterranean trade and finance for centuries before its fall.

Discover the Italian Wars (1494-1559), a series of conflicts that transformed Italy into a European battleground and reshaped the continent's destiny.

Discover the Risorgimento, the 19th-century movement that transformed scattered states into the single nation of Italy we know today.

Explore the Republic of Venice, the powerful maritime state that dominated Mediterranean trade for over a thousand years and shaped modern commerce.

An overview of the Papal States, the territories in central Italy ruled directly by the Pope for over a thousand years, from 756 to 1870.

A concise overview of the Kingdom of Italy's colonial expansion, its rise under Fascism, and its lasting impact on Africa and Italy itself.

A conflict from 91-88 BC where Rome's Italian allies rebelled to demand the rights of citizenship, fundamentally reshaping the Italian peninsula.

A summary of the three brutal wars between the Roman Republic and the Samnites that ultimately decided the master of the Italian peninsula.

Explore the rise and fall of Carthage, a powerful maritime empire that dominated Mediterranean trade and famously challenged the might of Ancient Rome.

Discover the Etruscan civilization, the ancient Italian powerhouse that profoundly shaped Roman culture, art, and engineering before its rise.