The Synthesis of "Italian Peninsula"

A summary of the three brutal wars between the Roman Republic and the Samnites that ultimately decided the master of the Italian peninsula.

Discover the Risorgimento, the 19th-century movement that transformed scattered states into the single nation of Italy we know today.

Discover the Italian Wars (1494-1559), a series of conflicts that transformed Italy into a European battleground and reshaped the continent's destiny.

An overview of the Papal States, the territories in central Italy ruled directly by the Pope for over a thousand years, from 756 to 1870.

A concise overview of the Kingdom of Italy's colonial expansion, its rise under Fascism, and its lasting impact on Africa and Italy itself.

Discover Giuseppe Garibaldi, the charismatic general and "Hero of Two Worlds" who was instrumental in the unification of Italy.

Discover the Lombards, the Germanic people who ruled Italy for two centuries, leaving a lasting legacy in its culture, law, and the region of Lombardy.

Discover the Etruscan civilization, the ancient Italian powerhouse that profoundly shaped Roman culture, art, and engineering before its rise.

Discover the Republic of Genoa, a medieval maritime power that dominated Mediterranean trade and finance for centuries before its fall.

Discover the Samnite Wars, the series of conflicts that defined the Roman Republic's rise and paved the way for its dominance over Italy.