The Synthesis of "Frederick II"

Discover the Hohenstaufen dynasty, the medieval German rulers of the Holy Roman Empire known for powerful emperors and their epic clash with the papacy.

A multi-faceted European conflict from 1740-1748, sparked by Maria Theresa's ascension to the Habsburg throne and Prussia's rise to power.

A conflict that engulfed Europe over Maria Theresa's right to the Habsburg throne, reshaping alliances and the balance of power on the continent.

Explore the Salian dynasty (1024-1125), a pivotal era in the Holy Roman Empire defined by the epic power struggle between emperors and popes.

An overview of the German Empire (1871-1918), from its unification under Bismarck to its rise as a world power and its eventual collapse after WWI.

Discover the Austrian Empire (1804-1867), the multinational power born from the Habsburg realms that shaped 19th-century European politics.

A brief overview of the early 18th-century conflict that reshaped Europe, triggered by the death of the last Habsburg king of Spain.

Explore the vast empire of Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor who ruled over a domain where the sun never set and faced the Reformation.

A brief explainer on the Schmalkaldic War (1546-1547), a key religious conflict between Catholic and Protestant forces in the Holy Roman Empire.

Discover Charlemagne, the medieval emperor who united Western Europe, sparked a renaissance, and became the first Holy Roman Emperor.