The Synthesis of "Edict of Gülhane"

A concise overview of the Tanzimat reforms, a pivotal 19th-century modernization movement in the Ottoman Empire aimed at saving a declining state.

An overview of the Tanzimat, a pivotal 19th-century reform period in the Ottoman Empire aimed at modernization, centralization, and social reorganization.

Explore the Ottoman Empire, a global power for six centuries that bridged the East and West and whose influence still shapes the modern world.

Discover the Edict of Milan of 313 AD, the landmark proclamation that ended Christian persecution and reshaped the Roman Empire forever.

Discover the 313 AD proclamation that ended Christian persecution in the Roman Empire and forever changed the course of Western history.

Explore the Edict of Nantes of 1598, the groundbreaking decree that ended decades of religious warfare in France and granted rights to Protestants.

Explore the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the longest-reigning Sultan who led the Ottoman Empire to its peak of power and cultural achievement.

Discover the Göktürk Khaganate, the first major Turkic empire that controlled the Silk Road and shaped the cultural and political history of Central Asia.