The Synthesis of "Catholic Church"

A look into the 16th-century movement that challenged religious authority, reshaped Europe, and influenced modern society and individual freedoms.

An explanation of the Great Schism of 1054, the monumental split that divided Christianity into the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.

A look at the Catholic Church's vigorous response to the Protestant Reformation, which reshaped European religion, art, and politics.

Discover Pope Urban II, the influential medieval pope who ignited the First Crusade with a powerful speech, changing European and Middle Eastern history.

An overview of Pope Gregory I, one of the most influential figures in the Catholic Church, known for his vast writings and administrative reforms.

Discover St. Augustine of Hippo, a key figure whose philosophical and theological writings profoundly shaped Western Christianity and thought.

A concise overview of the 16th-century movement that split Western Christianity and reshaped European religion, politics, and society forever.

An overview of the Papal States, the territories in central Italy ruled directly by the Pope for over a thousand years, from 756 to 1870.

An overview of the Spanish Inquisition, a brutal period of religious persecution in Spain established to enforce Catholic orthodoxy.

A look at the medieval power struggle between popes and emperors over church appointments, a conflict that forever changed church-state relations.