The Synthesis of "19th-century modernization"

A concise overview of the Tanzimat reforms, a pivotal 19th-century modernization movement in the Ottoman Empire aimed at saving a declining state.

An overview of the Tanzimat, a pivotal 19th-century reform period in the Ottoman Empire aimed at modernization, centralization, and social reorganization.

Discover the Meiji Restoration of 1868, the political revolution that ended Japan's feudal era and propelled its rapid modernization and Westernization.

Discover Emperor Meiji, the ruler who presided over Japan's dramatic transformation from an isolated feudal society into a modern industrial power.

An overview of the Age of Imperialism, exploring the motives that drove powerful nations to expand their empires and the lasting impact on the world.

Discover Peter the Great, the transformative tsar who dragged Russia into the modern era with sweeping reforms, military expansion, and a new capital.

Explore the Industrial Revolution, the historic shift to new manufacturing processes that fundamentally reshaped global economies and modern society.

Discover the Enlightenment, the 18th-century intellectual movement that championed reason and reshaped politics, science, and society forever.

Discover the Gilded Age, a period of rapid US industrial growth, massive fortunes, and stark social problems masked by a thin layer of gold.

An overview of the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815), a series of conflicts that reshaped Europe's political map and introduced new forms of warfare.