Wellness
Understanding Comedones: Blackheads and Whiteheads
A guide to understanding comedones, the common bumps like blackheads and whiteheads that form when pores get clogged with oil and dead skin cells.
What is it?
A comedo, or its plural comedones, is the small bump that forms when a hair follicle in the skin becomes clogged with oil (sebum) and dead skin cells. These are the primary lesions of non-inflammatory acne. There are several types of comedones. The most well-known are open comedones, or blackheads, which appear as dark dots because the contents of the clogged pore are exposed to air and oxidize. Closed comedones, or whiteheads, occur when the follicle is completely blocked, creating a small, skin-colored or white bump. Other types include microcomedones (too small to see), macrocomedones (larger closed comedones), and solar comedones, which are related to sun damage in older adults.
Why is it trending?
Discussions about comedones are trending as people increasingly focus on achieving clear, smooth skin. With the rise of "skinimalism" and a greater interest in the science behind skincare, consumers are eager to understand the root causes of blemishes. Identifying the specific type of comedone is the first step toward effective treatment. The popularity of visual social media platforms also fuels this trend, with "pimple-popping" videos and satisfying extraction clips often featuring comedones, leading to a mix of curiosity and a desire for prevention.
How does it affect people?
Comedones primarily affect people cosmetically, causing the skin's texture to appear bumpy and uneven, most often on the forehead and chin. While typically painless, they can be a source of frustration and may impact self-esteem. If bacteria invade a comedo, it can become inflamed, leading to more severe forms of acne like papules, pustules, or cysts. Managing comedones often requires a consistent skincare routine with ingredients like salicylic acid or retinoids to unclog pores and regulate oil production. Trying to extract them improperly can lead to skin damage, infection, and scarring.