History
The First Bulgarian Empire Explained
Discover the First Bulgarian Empire, a medieval powerhouse that shaped Slavic culture and rivaled Byzantium with its military and cultural might.
What is it?
The First Bulgarian Empire was a medieval state in Southeastern Europe that existed from 681 to 1018 AD. Founded by Khan Asparuh after defeating Byzantine forces, it became a major European power. At its zenith during the 9th and 10th centuries, its territory stretched from the Black Sea to the Adriatic Sea. The empire was a formidable rival to the Byzantine Empire, engaging in numerous wars but also periods of cultural exchange. A pivotal moment was the adoption of Christianity in 864, which aligned it with the wider Christian world. The empire eventually fell to Byzantine conquest in 1018.
Why is it trending?
The First Bulgarian Empire remains a topic of significant historical interest due to its lasting legacy. It is often remembered for its "Golden Age" under Tsar Simeon I, a period of immense cultural flourishing and territorial expansion. This era saw the development of the Cyrillic script at the Preslav Literary School, a monumental contribution to Slavic culture. The empire's complex relationship with Byzantium, alternating between fierce rivalry and strategic alliances, provides a dramatic narrative that continues to fascinate historians and the public. Its story is a cornerstone of Bulgarian national identity.
How does it affect people?
The empire's most profound impact is the creation and dissemination of the Cyrillic alphabet, which is now used by over 250 million people in Eastern Europe and Asia. The development of Old Church Slavonic as a literary language prevented the assimilation of South Slavs and helped forge a distinct Bulgarian identity. By adopting Orthodox Christianity, the empire fundamentally shaped the religious and cultural landscape of the Balkans that persists to this day. Its historical legacy continues to influence modern Bulgarian culture, national pride, and regional identity.