History
The British Empire Explained
An overview of the largest empire in history, its rise, its fall, and its lasting impact on the modern world.
What is it?
The British Empire was a global system of dominions, colonies, protectorates, and other territories administered by the United Kingdom. It began in the late 16th and early 17th centuries with the establishment of overseas trading posts and settlements. At its peak in the early 20th century, it was the largest empire in history, famously described as "the empire on which the sun never sets." By 1920, it covered approximately 35.5 million square kilometers (24% of the Earth's land area) and governed over 412 million people, who were 23% of the world's population at the time. Its vast reach was built on the strength of the Royal Navy and its economic dominance during the Industrial Revolution.
Why is it trending?
The British Empire remains a topic of significant historical interest due to its profound and complex legacy. Its history is central to understanding modern geopolitics, the development of global trade, and the origins of many nations' political systems and borders. Discussions around decolonization, the movement through which colonies gained independence, continue to be relevant. The empire's history is frequently re-examined and debated, particularly concerning its positive contributions, such as infrastructure and legal systems, versus the negative impacts of exploitation, violence, and the legacy of slavery. This ongoing re-evaluation keeps it a persistent topic in education, politics, and culture.
How does it affect people?
The legacy of the British Empire is widespread and multifaceted. It is evident in the global use of the English language, the prevalence of British common law and parliamentary democracy in many countries, and the existence of the Commonwealth of Nations. However, its impact also includes significant negative aspects. The borders drawn by colonial administrators have led to long-standing conflicts in regions like the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent. The economic structures established to exploit resources in colonies have had lasting effects on developing nations. For many, the empire's history is a source of resentment and is linked to ongoing issues of racial and economic inequality.