Cortisol: The Stress Hormone Explained

What is it?

Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, located on top of your kidneys. Often called the "primary stress hormone," it's best known for its role in the body's "fight or flight" response. However, cortisol is crucial for many daily functions beyond managing stress. It helps regulate metabolism, control blood sugar levels, reduce inflammation, influence blood pressure, and manage the sleep-wake cycle. Your body maintains cortisol levels through a complex system, typically peaking in the morning to help you wake up and gradually decreasing throughout the day.

Why is it trending?

Cortisol has become a major buzzword in wellness and on social media platforms like TikTok. This trend is driven by a growing public focus on mental health and the impacts of chronic stress. Influencers and wellness brands often discuss the signs of "high cortisol," linking it to issues like belly fat, face puffiness, fatigue, and anxiety. This has fueled interest in "cortisol detoxes" and products like supplements or special "cortisol cocktails," which claim to balance hormone levels. The term "cortisol" is seen as a more scientific, less alarming way to talk about managing chronic stress.

How does it affect people?

In the short term, cortisol is beneficial, providing a boost of energy to handle stressful situations. However, when stress becomes chronic, the body's alarm system stays on, leading to prolonged exposure to elevated cortisol. This can disrupt nearly all of your body's processes and increase the risk for numerous health problems. Chronically high levels are linked to anxiety, depression, digestive issues, headaches, heart disease, sleep problems, and weight gain. Conversely, having too little cortisol can also cause health issues. Maintaining a balanced cortisol level through stress management, proper sleep, and a healthy lifestyle is key for overall well-being.

Discover another trend: What Is Psychological Safety and Why Does It Matter?