History
China's Cultural Revolution Explained
An overview of China's Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), a decade of intense political upheaval and social chaos initiated by Mao Zedong.
What is it?
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was a sociopolitical movement in China from 1966 to 1976, launched by Mao Zedong, the Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party. Its stated goal was to preserve communism by purging remnants of capitalist and traditional elements from society and reasserting Mao's authority over the party. Mao mobilized the country's youth into paramilitary groups known as the Red Guards. These groups were urged to destroy the "Four Olds": old ideas, old culture, old customs, and old habits. This led to the targeting of intellectuals, party officials, and anyone perceived as counter-revolutionary.
Why is it trending?
The Cultural Revolution remains a pivotal and controversial event in modern history. It represents a decade of profound social and political chaos that crippled China's economy and fundamentally altered its society. The period saw the purging of top officials, violent power struggles, and the widespread destruction of invaluable historical artifacts and cultural heritage. Its legacy is still deeply felt in China, influencing contemporary politics, social structures, and the state's approach to history. Understanding this tumultuous decade is crucial for comprehending the trajectory of modern China.
How does it affect people?
The impact on the Chinese population was catastrophic. Historians estimate that hundreds of thousands to two million people were killed, while millions more were imprisoned, tortured, or publicly humiliated. The movement tore families apart, as individuals were encouraged to report on their own relatives. Education was brought to a standstill with schools and universities closing for years. Millions of urban youth were forcibly sent to the countryside for "re-education." For countless people, the period resulted in immense personal trauma, loss of property, and a shattered faith in the political system.